Robert Sapolsky explores the psychology of stress. Kelly McGonigal explains "How to Transform Stress into Courage and Connection." Roman Krznaric describes "Six Habits of Highly Empathic People." (On questions that didn’t involve perspective taking, they didn’t perform any worse than the other participants.) And the more anxious they were, the more egocentric they became. In other words, the stressed people had trouble seeing things from another’s point of view: I know the blue dish contains spaghetti, so Anna must know, too. In these studies, participants who were feeling anxious or surprised were more likely to give the egocentric answer-or take longer to answer from someone else’s perspective-than those who were feeling angry, disgusted, proud, or neutral. Anna thinks the blue dish contains (lasagna/spaghetti).
Then he filled the blue dish with spaghetti and replaced it in the fridge. After Anna left, Ian came home and ate the lasagna. In yet another experiment, they read scenarios like the one below and filled in the blank as quickly as possible:Īnna made lasagna in the blue dish. In a third, they had to figure out whether the recipient of an email would read it as sincere, when they had privileged information suggesting it was sarcastic. In another, they indicated the position of a green light from their perspective and someone else’s. In one study, they specified whether a book placed on their right side (but someone else’s left) was on the right or left side of a table. Then, participants were tested on perspective taking. (Some participants did nothing or wrote about how they typically spend their evenings, generating a neutral feeling.) In a series of six studies with more than 1,300 total participants, researchers from universities including Harvard and Columbia induced anxiety, anger, disgust, surprise, or pride in participants by asking them to write about a past experience when they felt one of those emotions. From the GGSC to your bookshelf: 30 science-backed tools for well-being.
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