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Rocher states that the "date of the Vishnu Puran is as contested as that of any other Puran".

Horace Hayman Wilson (1864): acknowledged that the tradition believes it to be 1st millennium BCE text and the text has roots in the Vedic literature, but after his analysis suggested that the extant manuscripts may be from the 11th century.

Moriz Winternitz (1932): possibly early 1st millennium, but states Rocher, he added, "it is no more possible to assign a definite date to the Vishnu Puran than it is for any other Puran".

Some proposed dates for the earliest version of Vishnu Puran by various scholars include: The composition date of Vishnu Puran is unknown and contested, with estimates widely disagreeing. Samudra Manthanam depicted in above sculpture, is described in the Vishnu Puran. The Padma Purana categorizes Vishnu Purana as a Sattva Purana (Purana which represents goodness and purity). The text was likely composed and rewritten in layers over a period of time, with roots possibly in ancient 1st-millennium BCE texts that have not survived into the modern era. Estimates range of its composition range from 400 BCE to 900 CE.

The actual author(s) and date of its composition are unknown and contested. Vishnu Purana, like all major Puranas, attributes its author to be sage Veda Vyasa. The Purana, states Wilson, is pantheistic and the ideas in it, like other Puranas, are premised on the Vedic beliefs and ideas. It primarily centers around the Hindu god Vishnu and his avatars such as Krishna, but it praises Brahma and Shiva and asserts that they are dependent on Vishnu. The Vishnu Purana is among the shorter Purana texts, with about 7,000 verses in extant versions. The text is also notable as the earliest Purana to have been translated and published in 1840 CE by HH Wilson, based on manuscripts then available, setting the presumptions and premises about what Puranas may have been. Some manuscripts of the text are notable for not including sections found in other major Puranas, such as those on Mahatmyas and tour guides on pilgrimage, but some versions include chapters on temples and travel guides to sacred pilgrimage sites. More than any other major Purana, the Vishnu Purana presents its contents in Pancalaksana format – Sarga ( cosmogony), Pratisarga ( cosmology), Vamśa ( genealogy of the gods, sages and kings), Manvantara (cosmic cycles), and Vamśānucaritam (legends during the times of various kings). The manuscripts of Vishnu Purana have survived into the modern era in many versions. It is an important Pancharatra text in the Vaishnavism literature corpus. The Vishnu Purana ( Viṣṇu-purāṇa, विष्णुपुराण) is one of the eighteen Mahapuranas, a genre of ancient and medieval texts of Hinduism.

For the television series, see Vishnu Puran (TV series).